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CHINESE CULTURES
| DYNASTY | DATES |
| Neolithic China | 5000-1000 B.C. |
| Peiligang culture | ca 5500-4900 B.C. |
| Yangshao culture | ca 5000-3000 B.C. |
| Machiayao culture | ca 3300-2050 B.C. |
| Qijia culture | ca 2000-1600 B.C. |
| Xindian culture | ca 1000 B.C. |
| Siwa Culture | ca Siwa Culture B.C. |
| Qingliangang culture | ca 5400-4400 B.C. |
| Dawenkou culture | ca 4300-2500 B.C. |
| Longshan culture | ca 2600-2000 B.C. |
| Hemundu culture | ca 5000-3300 B.C. |
| Majiabang culture | ca 5000-4000 B.C. |
| Songze culture | ca 3900-3330 B.C. |
| Liangzhou culture | ca 3300-2200 B.C. |
| Hongshan cultuur | 3500 B.C. |
| Xia | ca 2000-1500 B.C. |
| Shang | ca 1700-1027 B.C. |
| Western Zhou | ca 1027-771 B.C. |
|
Easter Zhou
Spring and Autumn period (770-476 B.C.) Warring States period (475-221 B.C.) |
ca 770-221 B.C. |
| Qin | ca 221-207 B.C. |
| Western Han | ca 206 B.C.- 9 A.D. |
| Xin | ca 9-24 A.D. |
| Easter Han | ca 25-220 A.D. |
|
Three Kingdoms
Wei (ca 220-265 A.D.) Shu (ca 221-263 A.D.) Wu (ca 229-280 A.D.) |
ca 220-280 A.D. |
| Western Jin | ca 265-316 A.D. |
| Eastern Jin | ca 317-420 A.D. |
|
Southern and
Northern Dynasties
Southern Dynasties Song (ca 420-478 A.D.) Qi (ca 479-501 A.D.) Liang (ca 502-556 A.D.) Chen (ca 557-588 A.D.) Northern Dynasties Northern Wei (ca 386-533 A.D.) Eastern Wei (ca 535-557 A.D.) Northern Qi (ca 550-577 A.D.) Northern Zhou (ca 557-588 A.D.) |
ca 420-588 A.D. |
| Sui | ca 581-617 A.D. |
| Tang | ca 618-907 A.D. |
|
Five Dynasties
Later Liang (ca 907-923 ) Later Tang (ca 923-936) Later Jin (ca 936-946) Later Han (ca 947-950) Later Zhou (ca 951-960)
|
ca 907-960 A.D. |
| Ten Kindoms | ca 907-979 A.D. |
|
Song
Northern Song (ca 960-1127) Southern Song (ca 1127-1279) |
ca 960-1279 A.D. |
| Liao | ca 916-1125 A.D. |
| Western Xia | ca 1038-1227 A.D. |
| Jin | ca 1115-1234 A.D. |
| Yuan | ca 1279-1368 A.D. |
| Ming | ca 1368-1644 A.D. |
| Qing | ca 1644-1911 A.D. |
KHMER CULTURES
| PERIODS | DATES |
|
PRE ANGKOR
PERIODS
|
|
| Phnom Da | ca 557-607 A.D. |
| Sambor Prei Kuk | ca 607-657 A.D. |
| Pre Kmeng | ca 637-707 A.D. |
| Kampong Preah | ca 707-807 A.D. |
| TRANSITIONAL PERIOD | |
| Kulen | ca 827-877 A.D. |
| Preah Ko | ca 877-897 A.D. |
| Bakheng | ca 897-927 A.D. |
| Koh Ker | ca 922-947 A.D. |
| Pre Rup | ca 947-967 A.D. |
| Bahteay Srei | ca 967-1007 A.D. |
| Khleang | ca 967-1017 A.D. |
| Baphuon | ca 1017-1087 A.D. (Pre Angkor style) |
| ANGKOR PERIOD |
| Angkor Wat | ca 1107-1177 A.D. (Purest of the Khmer Styles) |
| Bayon | ca 1177-1237 A.D. (More ornated than the Angkor Wat style) |
| POST ANGKOREAN |
| Final Conquest | ca 1431 A.D. (Lopburi-Thai merger styles) |
THAI CULTURES
| DYNASTY | DATES |
| 7th to 8th Century A.D. Pre Angkoren | Early Khmer influence -Primitive looking |
| 7th to 9th Century A.D. Early Dvaravati | Thai-Indian-Gandhara influence |
| 9th to 12th Century A.D. Dvaravati | Same style but more refined |
| 8th to 14th Century A.D. Srvijaya | Thai-Javanese Influence (Southern Thailand) |
| 11th to 13th Century A.D. Lopburi | Thai-Khmer influence, more decorative than pure Khmer style |
| 13th Century A.D. Hariphunchai (Lamphun) |
Eye brows are
continuous curves, pointed hair curls with defined boarder. Usnisa is a
smooth cone (the only other smooth cone image is a U-Tong)
|
| 13th to 16th Century A.D. Lan Na | Very broad shoulders, well developed chest, usually no sign of a belt at the waist, eyes loxered, arched separate brows, delicate nose, small mouth, fleshy lips & large spiral hair curls. |
| 13th to 16th Century A.D. Early Chiengsen | Short robe flap over left shoulder, large hair curls, smooth cone shaped usnisna (lotus bud). Legs in "Vajrasana" usually both feet soles showing. |
| 13th to 16th Century A.D. Late Chiengsen or Chiang Mai period | Sukhothai influence-longer robe flap over left shoulder extending to the navel, smaller hair curls, flame finial replacing the lotus bud. |
| 14th to 15th Century A.D. Nakhon Sri Thammarat | Legs in "Paryankasana" usually only one foot sole showing. |
| 13th to 14th Century A.D. Sukhothai | Classical Thai period. Elongated, oval, slim face & arms, down cast eyes with sweeping brown merging to form a bridge, long aquilline nose, chiselled lips & slight smile, flame finial and belt.(groove) On later Sukhothai images the belt was sometimes a double groove and all fingers except the thumb are almost of aqual length as in the Ayutthaya style period. |
| 13th to 16th Century A.D. U-Tong | Hair in small curls, nearly always outlined by a narrow band across the forehead, sometimes wears a belt. |
| 13th to 14th Century A.D. U-Tong-A | Reminicent of Lopburi style face expresions (Post Bayon), broad face, slightly arched eyebrows, band below hairline. Usnisna is never a flame except on restored images. Form of image is very squat. (seeted possision) |
| 14th to 16th Century A.D. U-Tong-B | Khmer style broad face, similar to Lopburi style, usually a narrow band below hairline, high flame ornament. Form of image is elongated. |
| 14th to 16th Century A.D. U-Tong-C | Similar in form to group B, but with elongated flame finial (similar to Sukhothai), heavy cheeks, rounded eyelids. All U)Tong A, B & C types usually |
| 14th to 18th Century A.D. Ayutthaya | Head is simular to U-Tong-C, brows are fine ridges that meet at the top of the nose, sometimes extending down to its tip, eyes are half lowered with bulging lids, faint small surrounded by an outline, upper lip is sometimes adorned with moustaches-single incised line above the lip, hair is in small curls. Sometimes wearing a crown or flame finial. Base is that of a step pyramid shape. |
| 16th Century A.D. Ayutthaya later period | Wears ear pendants, neck band and the hair is covered by a tall cone shaped cover "Mukuta". Sometimes wearing a crown. |
| 18th to 20th Century A.D. Bangkok style | Usually wearing a crown. |